Английский язык: самоучитель - Шевчук Денис Александрович - Страница 43

FOCUS ON GRAMMAR

Активная грамматика

Language focus 1

Adverbs and Adjectives

Наречия и прилагательные

Многие наречия образуются от форм прилагательных (сравните в русском: красивый-красиво, быстрый-быстро). В английском языке для этого используется суффикс – ly. Например, usual-usually, fluent-fluently.

Особенности правописания: Если прилагательное заканчивается на «y» с предшествующей согласной, то «y» меняется на «i» и прибавляется «ly»: easy-easily.

Особенности использования: Форма прилагательного (а не наречия) используется в безличных предложениях типа: It is difficult to do it (Это есть сложное – сделать это), то есть в сочетании с глаголом «to be», хотя в русском предложении в аналогичном случае употребляется форма наречия: Сложно это сделать.

Наречие же обычно сопровождает глагол (кроме глагола «to be»): He did it easily. She drove the car dangerously.

Также наречие может употребляться с прилагательным, другим наречием или причастием: really nice, reasonably good, badly written (плохо написанный).

Необходимо запомнить исключения:

good-well

fast-fast

late-late

little (мало) I know little about Spain.

much (много) She read much about it.

1. Underline the correct form.

Подчеркните правильную форму.

1. The bird flew free/freely.

2. It is nice/nicely to travel.

3. The weather changes fast/fastly.

4. They trained good/well.

5. The trip included many strange/strangely places.

6. The textbooks were very expensive/expensively.

7. They got very important/importantly skills.

8. It was real/really difficult.

9. It was important/importantly for the project.

10. She spoke the language very fluent/fluently.

2. Complete the sentences with the adverbs taking them from the box.

Подберите подходящие по смыслу наречия.

3. Translate the sentences.

Переведите предложения.

Language focus 2

Modal Verb «can» and could/will be able to

Модальный глагол «can» и его формы could/will be able to

Модальный глагол (модальный значит «выражающий отношение к действию») can переводится как «мочь, уметь». Не требует после себя частицы «to». При построении вопросительного и отрицательного предложения используется как вспомогательный глагол.

He can drive very well.

Can he drive very well?

Who can drive very well?

He can’t drive very well.

Для выражения действия в прошедшем времени используется форма «could» – «мог, умел». Эта форма имеет те же особенности употребления, что и «can».

Сравните:

We can train here.

We could train here yesterday.

Can you get these skills?

Could you get these skills?

She can’t travel a long way from home.

She couldn’t travel a long way from home.

Для выражения действия в будущем времени используется выражение «be able to» – «быть способным».

I will be able to change it tomorrow.

We will be able to take a test.

He will be able to fix cars.

Will he be able to meet you?

Will they be able to join you?

He won’t (will not) be able to fly there.

I won’t be able to balance the tyre.

4. Give the sentences in the past and future.

Поставьте предложения в прошедшее и будущее.

5. Ask General Questions. Give Negative answers.

Задайте общие вопросы. Дайте отрицательные ответы.

6. Complete the information chart.

Заполните таблицу.

READINGAND SPEAKING PRACTICE

1. Answer the questions.

Ответьте на вопросы.

1. Are you going to start a new life? Why/Why not?

2. What are you going to buy next week?

3. What will you be able to cook tonight?

4. What are you going to plant in your garden?

5. Will you be able to drive a long way from home today?

6. Are you going to learn how to drive?

7. Are you going to travel in summer? Where will you be able to go?

8. Are you going to be very busy next week?

9. When are you going to have a holiday?

10. Will you be able to study English next year?

2. Read and complete the conversation. Try to learn the dialogue.

Прочитайтедиалог. Вставьте реплики по смыслу. Постарайтесь выучить диалог.

A. But you can’t drive.

B. You’re going to start a new life.

C. Are you going to start now, dear?

D. Then, I’m going to get a job.

Husband: I am going to start a new life. Did you hear me?

Wife: Yes, dear.

Husband: What did I say? What am I going to do?

Wife: ..................

Husband: That’s right. And I will be able to do it! First, I’m going to buy some new clothes. .............. Did you hear me?

Wife: Yes, dear. You are going to get a job. Will you be able to do it?

Husband: Yes. Next, I’m going to buy a car.

Wife: That’s nice. .........................

Husband: That’s right. I can’t drive now. But I’ll be able to do it. I’m going to learn.

Wife: When are you going to start?

Husband: Start what?

Wife: Your new life. New clothes, job, car. .........................

Husband: No, not now. There is sport on TV.

3. Speak about your future plans. Use the words.

Расскажите о своих планах на будущее. Используйте данные слова.

Story one: am going to, travel, knowledge, easily, fluently, goal, will be able to, couldn’t, real, apart from, reasonably well.

Story Two: join, skills, different, fix, won’t be able to, am going to, beginners’ class, a long way from, change.

4. Give your reasons.

Скажите, зачем это нужно.

5. Order the speeches.

Расположите реплики по смыслу.

6. Read this text.

Прочитайте текст.

A practical class

Jean is a teacher in California. Josh is one of his students. Jean teaches the students how to fix cars.

His programme is a practical course. They teach people from sixteen through adults.

The courses are located on a High School campus. The programme is vocational because they train people specific skills which they can use in their job.

Josh likes these classes very much because they give real knowledge. They don’t have any textbooks. They just listen and look and then, start their projects.

All the students have their projects on how to fix a car. For example, Josh is going to take a tyre off the car, balance the tyre and put it back.

There are a lot of students who come to join the programme. All of them think that they will be able to fix their cars. It is their goal – and the programme is going to give them this knowledge. But the programme also includes: consumer awareness, communication skills and understanding of how the car works.

A. Retell the text

Перескажите текст